Debian/Ubuntu 系统优化设置
系统下载
开启 SSH 服务远程登录
安装 net-tools 和 openssh-server
sh
sudo apt install net-tools openssh-server查看是否开启 ssh 服务
sh
dpkg -l | grep ssh如果看到 sshd，说明 ssh-server 已经启动。如果没有可执行以下命令启动：
sh
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
# 或
sudo service ssh start安装 vim 和 htop
sh
sudo apt install vim htop更新软件源为国内源
编辑文件
sh
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sourcessh
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list镜像源地址
sh
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiversesh
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware更新缓存
编辑文件完成后，执行如下命令进行更新缓存
sh
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade删除系统自带软件
sh
sudo apt --purge remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca gnome-sudoku remmina自动卸载不需要的依赖
sh
sudo apt --purge autoremove
sudo apt upgrade #更新软件仓库卸载桌面环境
sh
# 卸载 gnome-shell
sudo apt remove gnome-shell
# 卸载 gnome
sudo apt remove gnome
# 卸载不需要的依赖关系
sudo apt autoremove
# 彻底卸载删除gnome的相关配置文件
sudo apt purge gnome
# 清理安装gnome时候留下的缓存程序软件包
sudo apt autoclean
sudo apt clean同步时间
安装 ntpdate
sh
sudo apt install ntpdate设置系统时间与网络时间同步
sh
sudo ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org将时间更新到硬件
sh
sudo hwclock --systohc修改主机名
sh
vim /etc/hostname主机名存放在 /etc/hostname 文件中，编辑 hostname 并输入新的主机名保存即可。
sh
reboot #重启
hostname #重新查看主机名开启 Root 登陆
取得 Root 权限
先从浏览器打开或者 SSH 工具连接服务器，登陆成功之后输入一下命令
bash
sudo -i #切换到root
passwd #修改密码修改 ssh 配置文件
bash
vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config #编辑文件
PermitRootLogin yes #默认为no，需要开启root用户访问改为yes
PasswordAuthentication yes #默认为no，改为yes开启密码登陆提示
按 i 进入编辑模式，按 esc 退出，输入 :wq 保存
重启服务器
bash
reboot #重启服务器恢复默认源
备份当前的软件源列表
sh
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.baksh
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak编辑源配置文件
sh
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sourcessh
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list恢复默认的软件源
sh
Types: deb-src
URIs: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpgsh
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware更新软件包缓存
sh
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade