Debian/Ubuntu 系统优化设置

系统下载

UbuntuDebian

开启 SSH 服务远程登录

安装 net-tools 和 openssh-server

sudo apt install net-tools openssh-server

查看是否开启 ssh 服务

dpkg -l | grep ssh

如果看到 sshd，说明 ssh-server 已经启动。如果没有可执行以下命令启动：

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
# 或
sudo service ssh start

安装 vim 和 htop

sudo apt install vim htop

更新软件源为国内源

编辑文件

Ubuntu

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

Debian

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

镜像源地址

Ubuntu

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Debian

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

更新缓存

编辑文件完成后，执行如下命令进行更新缓存

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

删除系统自带软件

sudo apt --purge remove thunderbird totem rhythmbox empathy brasero simple-scan gnome-mahjongg aisleriot gnome-mines cheese transmission-common gnome-orca gnome-sudoku remmina

自动卸载不需要的依赖

sudo apt --purge autoremove
sudo apt upgrade	#更新软件仓库

卸载桌面环境

# 卸载 gnome-shell
sudo apt remove gnome-shell

# 卸载 gnome
sudo apt remove gnome

# 卸载不需要的依赖关系
sudo apt autoremove

# 彻底卸载删除gnome的相关配置文件
sudo apt purge gnome

# 清理安装gnome时候留下的缓存程序软件包
sudo apt autoclean
sudo apt clean

同步时间

安装 ntpdate

sudo apt install ntpdate

设置系统时间与网络时间同步

sudo ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

将时间更新到硬件

sudo hwclock --systohc

修改主机名

vim /etc/hostname

主机名存放在 /etc/hostname 文件中，编辑 hostname 并输入新的主机名保存即可。

reboot #重启
hostname #重新查看主机名

开启 Root 登陆

取得 Root 权限

先从浏览器打开或者 SSH 工具连接服务器，登陆成功之后输入一下命令

sudo -i #切换到root
passwd #修改密码

修改 ssh 配置文件

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config #编辑文件
PermitRootLogin yes #默认为no，需要开启root用户访问改为yes
PasswordAuthentication yes #默认为no，改为yes开启密码登陆

提示

按 i 进入编辑模式，按 esc 退出，输入 :wq 保存

重启服务器

reboot    #重启服务器

恢复默认源

备份当前的软件源列表

Ubuntu

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.bak

Debian

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

编辑源配置文件

Ubuntu

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources

Debian

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

恢复默认的软件源

Ubuntu

Types: deb-src
URIs: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports noble-security
Components: main restricted universe multiverse
Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg

Debian

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

更新软件包缓存

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade